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The Monument, London
Standing tall near London Bridge, The Monument is one of the City of London's most iconic landmarks. Built to remember the Great Fire of 1666, it combines history, architecture, and a rewarding climb.
The Monument in London is a 202ft column designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke, commemorating the Great Fire of 1666. It offers panoramic views of the city from its summit.
Commemorates the Great Fire of 1666
The Monument was erected to commemorate the Great Fire of London in 1666, which devastated much of the City. The column marks the spot where the fire is traditionally believed to have started, in a baker's shop on Pudding Lane. This event reshaped London's architecture and fire safety regulations.
Designed by Wren and Hooke
The Monument was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Dr Robert Hooke, two of the most prominent figures in post-fire London. Wren is famous for St Paul's Cathedral, while Hooke was a scientist and surveyor. Their collaboration produced a column that is both a memorial and a scientific instrument.
A 202ft Column
The Monument stands at 202 feet (approximately 61.5 metres) tall. This height is significant: it is exactly the distance from the base to the site of the fire's origin on Pudding Lane. The column is the tallest isolated stone column in the world, a fact that draws visitors from around the globe.
Climb the 311 Steps
Visitors can climb the 311 spiral steps to the top of The Monument. The climb is a physical challenge but rewards with a unique perspective over London. The narrow staircase is part of the experience, offering a sense of the monument's scale and history.
Panoramic Views of London
From the summit, there are panoramic views of the City of London and beyond. On a clear day, you can see landmarks such as the Tower of London, St Paul's Cathedral, and the River Thames. The viewing platform is enclosed by a wire cage, added in the 19th century to prevent accidents.
A Scientific Instrument
The Monument was designed to double as a scientific instrument. It contains a central shaft that was intended for use as a zenith telescope, allowing astronomers to observe the stars. This dual purpose reflects the scientific curiosity of the era, blending commemoration with research.
The Golden Orb and Flames
The top of The Monument is crowned with a golden orb surrounded by flames, symbolising the Great Fire. The orb is made of gilt bronze and was added in 1667. It serves as a striking visual reminder of the fire's destructive power and the city's subsequent rebirth.
Inscriptions and Reliefs
The base of The Monument features inscriptions in Latin and English, describing the fire and the monument's purpose. There is also a sculpted relief by Caius Gabriel Cibber, depicting the fire and the rebuilding of London. These artistic elements add historical depth to the structure.
A Grade I Listed Building
The Monument is a Grade I listed building, recognising its exceptional architectural and historical importance. This designation ensures its preservation for future generations. It is managed by the City of London Corporation, which maintains the structure and its visitor facilities.
Location and Access
The Monument is located at the junction of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill, near London Bridge. The nearest underground station is Monument, which is named after the column. It is easily accessible by public transport, making it a convenient stop for visitors exploring the City.
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